10.24411/1728-323X-2018-16006

Ecology

HISTORICAL AND GEO-ECOLOGICAL FEATURES OF THE FORMATION OF CULTURAL LANDSCAPES OF THE UPPER POSSURIE AND PRIMOKSHANIE DURING THE AENEOLITHIC PERIOD

1. S. N. Artemova, Ph. D. (Geography), Associate Professor, Penza State University (PGU), This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Penza, Russia,
2. D.S. Ikonnikov, Ph. D. (History), Penza State University (PGU), This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Penza, Russia,
3. O.Ph. Prikazchikova, Ph. D. (Geography), Associate Professor, Penza State University, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.,
4. Penza, Russia

Historical and geographical approach to the study of cultural landscapes at the regional level allows us to identify the main problems of human interaction with nature at different stages of economic development and to determine the direction of “sustainable” adaptive nature. The aim is to reveal the peculiarities of the formation of cultural landscapes of the Penza Region in the Eneolithic period through the intensity of the use of natural resource potential and the preservation of ecological balance in the IV—III Millennium BC.

The methodological basis of research is the theory of cultural landscape. The information base is formed from the data of social sciences and a set of geographic data for the territory of the Penza Region. The initial materials for studying this time section were archaeological data, which were compared with the data of paleogeographic studies of the Middle Holocene. The geography of the Eneolithic sites is reflected in the electronic map of the economic development of the Penza Region carried out in the GIS-system QGIS.

Analysis of archaeological and paleogeographic data allows us to distinguish the period of the Eneolithic as a stage of economic development of the region, which is characterized by the beginning of the transition from the appropriating economy to the producing one. This is the stage of the beginning of the smelting of metal, the increase in the role of fire and the transformation of forests. The representatives of the Khvalyn archeological culture were the first bearers of the cultural traditions of the producing (cattle-breeding) economy, but the appropriating branches — hunting and fishing — remained the basis of the economy of the region. The longterm settlement of people in a relatively compact area in the river valleys led to the transformation of landscapes at the local level, mainly these are flood landscapes of the river of Sura.

the process of economic development, historical and geographical analysis, cultural landscapes, the Penza Region, the Upper Possurie and Prikomshanie, the Eneolithic period, archeological cultures, appropriating economy.

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