DOI: 10.24411/1728-323X-2018-13125

Section

Nature use economics

Title

RESULTS OF LAND REFORM IN RUSSIA: ECOLOGICAL AND ECONOMIC ASPECT

Сontributors

D.        I. Vasilieva, Ph. D. (Biology), associate Professor, Samara state University of Economics, Samara State Technical University,

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V. V. Voronin, Ph. D. (Geography), Dr. Habil, Professor;

A. G. Vlasov, Ph. D. (Technical), Professor;

E.        S. Most, Ph. D. (Technical), candidate of technical Sciences, associate Professor;

A. S. Chrapunov, Samara state University of Economics, Samara, Russia

Abstract

During the implementation of land reform in the Russian Federation, which began in 1990—1991, there have been significant changes in the ecological condition

of the land fund, which is explored in the example of one of the major regions — the Samara region. The aim of the reform was to address various issues in the field of agriculture, the formation and development of local government, housing construction, and ecology. During the reform, most attention was paid to its economic side. The creation of a state real estate cadastre (now this is a single state real estate register) led to the formation of a tax base and a significant increase in the collection of land payments. At the same time monitoring and assessment of changes in the ecological status of lands is not carried out. Reduction of works on soil fertility conservation in the period of 1991—2008. caused the accelerated development of land degradation processes throughout the Russian Federation, which are a significant manifestation on the territory of the Samara region. The development of negative processes that significantly reduces the fertility of soils is noted: the development of processes of water and wind erosion; reduction of the doses of organic fertilizer application to the soil; destruction and elimination of existing crop rotations. The intensification of agricultural technologies and the transition to monoculture (in our region this is usually sunflower) has a significant impact on the state of agricultural lands, in which crops of perennial and annual grasses, leguminous plants that fix atmospheric nitrogen and enrichment soils, are of low weight in structure of acreage. In addition, violations are frequent in the conduct of agrotechnical measures. Thus, with a significant economic effect of land reform in the form of increased collection of land payments, significant negative changes in the ecological status of lands were noted.

Keywords

land reform, land, land fund, environmental condition, soil survey, Samara Region.

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