DOI: 10.24411/1728-323X-2018-13090

Section

Physical geography and biogeography, soil geography and landscape geochemistry

Title

THE FEATURES OF THE FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING OF GROUND ORGANOGENIC HORIZONS IN SOIL AND PHYTOCOENOTIC ECOSYSTEMS OF ZONAL AND AZONAL TYPES

Сontributors

N. V. Popova, Ph. D (Geography),

T. A. Trifonova, Ph. D. (Biology), Dr. Habil, Professor,Institute of Biology and Ecology of Vladimir State University. A. G. and N. G. Stoletovykh, Vladymir, Russian Federation References

Abstract

Organogenic soil horizons are bearers of hidden in-formation about the differentiation status and ecosystem development and they a special role in the creation of the ecological state and prediction of the environment. This allows us to use them as indicators of the status and transformation of the matter and energy in various types of ecosystems.

The most important aspect of ecosystem diagnosis is to identify the ecological functions of soil organic horizons that most reliably enable printing, and the analysis of spatial differentiation in ecosystems. We used a sophisticated authentication function to achieve these objectives, to assess the variability of soil organic horizons, depending on the characteristics of zonal ecosystems. Quantifying soil organic horizons with the involvement of the mass of empirical material, geographical and mathematical methods revealed the regularities of the formation of ecological niches of organic layers, reflecting the functioning of different ecosystems. The types of ecosystems are considered as a system of regional and typological complexes of different taxonomic ranks of similar physiographic processes and the morphological structure is characterized by a certain ratio of heat and moisture, as well as appropriate types of soil and vegetation. The final result can be described as ecological niches of the main types of vegetation in the parameters of a biogenic soil horizon, for example, the zonal (3.3 t/ha) and the azonal type (141 t/ha).

When forming the niche of soil organic horizons of the Arctic tundra, the limiting factor is environmental conditions, resulting in the ability to maintain high quality due to the certainty of elasticity close to the environmental optimum and, to a lesser extent, due to a range of malleable “blurry” branches niche. In general, this area is exposed to significant changes in case of varying environmental factors. At the same time, the West Siberia marshes are more stable, i.e. the homeostasis has the possible maximum, that it provides a high buffering capacity. Litter can vary in a wide range of biological and climatic gradients.

Keywords

ecosystem, onsoilorganogenic horizon, litter, typing of ecosystems, ecological niches, soil and climatic factors.

References

1.  Alexandrova V. D. The experience of determining the aboveground and underground mass of vegetation in the tundra. Bo- tanicheskyzhurnal. 1958. No. 13. P. 15—26. [in Russian]

2.  Babieva I. P. Microorganisms. Moscow, Nauka. 1984. 145 p. (in Russian).

3.  Bazilevich N. I. Dynamics of organic matter and biological cycling in the main types of vegetation. Moscow, Nauka, 1965. 210 p. [in Russian]

4.  Kolomits E. G. Regional model of global changes in the natural environment. Moscow, Nauka. 2003, 488 p. [in Russian]

5.  Mishustin E. N. Association of soil microorganisms. Moscow, Nauka. 1975. 234 p. [in Russian]

6.  Svirezhev Yu. M. Stability of biological communities. Moscow, Nauka, 1978. 567 p. [in Russian]

7.  Dahl E. Impact of climatic change ecosystems (with the emphasis on boreal and arctic/alpine areas) E. Dahl. Trondheim: NINA and DN. 1993. 332 p.

8.  Evans, F. C. Ecosystem as basic unit of ecology / F. C. Evans. Science. 1956. P. 411.

9.  Greaves J. Influence of moistire on the bacterial activities of soil / J. Greaves, E. Carter. Soil. Sci. 1920. Vol. 10. 361 p.

10.       Impact of climatic change on natural ecosystems (with the emphasis on boreal and arctic/alpine areas) / Ed.: J. I. Holten,

G.  Paulsen, W. S. Oechel. Trondheim: NINA and DN. 1993. 189 p.

11.       Holling, C. S. Resilienseahd stability of ecological / C. S. Holling. Ann. Rew. of Ecology and Systematics. Vol. 4. 1973. 236 p.

12.       Orians, G. S. Diversity, stability and maturity in natural ecosystems / G. S.-Orians. Unifying Concepts in Ecology. 1975. 165 p.