DOI: 10.24411/1728-323X-2018-13096

Section

Physical geography and biogeography, soil geography and landscape geochemistry

Title

ZONING OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION TERRITORY: INTERNAL AND INTERNATIONAL ASPECTS

Сontributors

V. A. Gorbanyov, Ph. D. (Geography), Dr. Habil., Professor, Moscow State Institute of International Relations (Univerity) by the MFA of Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.,

B.        I. Kochurov, Ph. D. (Geography), Dr. Habil., Professor, Institute of Geography Russian Academy of Sciences, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

The economic districts, currently allocated in Russia, were developed in the 1920s—1930s by the Soviet State Planning Committee. At that period they played an outstanding role. However, today they do not longer correspond to the Russian realities of market economy.

We tried to identify new districts, taking into account natural, economic, social, geo-ecological conditions. Therefore, the selected districts have a complex geographical nature. We identified ten of such districts: Stolichny, Central, European North, European South, North Caucasian, Ural-Volga, West Siberian, North Siberian, South Siberian and Far Eastern.

The land area, the population size, the population density, the physical-geographical conditions, the characteristics of natural resources and economic activities are shown in each district, the natural increase of population, the share of the population below the poverty line, the gross regional product, its structure, the supply of arable land, the rank of the geo-ecological tension, the balance of direct oversea investments and a number of other indicators are calculated. All districts differ very much and a detailed description and characteristics of each district are shown in the article. In particular, the discrepancy between the area of the districts and the population in each district is shown. While in European districts the share of the population is much larger than the share of the area, in the Asian regions the situation is reversed: a very small proportion of people live in enormous areas.

In the era of globalization, it is important to take into account trans-boundary fluxes of pollutants. In this regard, the role of neighboring countries in the contamination of some districts of Russia is analyzed. It is shown that Ukraine, Kazakhstan and China represent the greatest measure of environmental danger for Russia.

Keywords

geographical districts of Russia, population, natural increase, contamination, rank of geo-ecological tension, Gross Regional Product (GRP), poverty, provision of arable land, oversea investments, transboundary fluxes of pollutants.

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