10.24411/1728-323X-2019-11078

Physical geography and biogeography, soil geography and landscape geochemistry

THE ROLE OF SURFACE AND GROUNDWATER OF THE ARID ZONE IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF NATURAL COMPLEXES: A CASE STUDY OF THE ASTRAKHAN REGION

1. A. A. Tokareva, Senior Lecturer, Department of Life Safety and Engineering Ecology, Astrakhan State University of Technology, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Astrakhan, Russia,
2. G. V. Kutlusurina, Ph. D., Associate Professor of the Department Life Safety and Engineering Ecology, Astrakhan State University of Technology, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it., Astrakhan, Russia,
3. Y. S. Aronova, Leading Engineer of the Engineering Center of LLC Gazprom Dobycha, Astrakhan, Russia

The Astrakhan Region, located in the arid zone, in hydrographic terms is referred to the Lower Volga, in relation to the underground hydrosphere it is part of the Caspian artesian hydrogeological basin. Natural complexes in the relief of its territory are represented by several varieties of semi-desert and desert zones, as well as intra-regional, are developed within the Volga-Akhtuba floodplain, the Volga Delta and tracts formed in the coastal part of the Delta under the influence of Caspian Sea waters. They are characterized by all kinds of soils, flora, fauna and other components inherent in the region. In depth, the cut, the appearance of natural systems changes dramatically, and depending on the tasks, they can be considered as systems of lithohydrospheres-rocksgroundwaters, including solid, liquid, or gaseous minerals, underground microflora. Depending on the depth of their distribution, the systems of lithohydrosphere have different relationship with the surface watercourses and the Caspian Sea and they had a man-made or anthropogenic load to the depth of 4,000 meters. They have no connection with the Caspian Sea waters and river valleys, but the changes in them can have a negative impact at the regional level. The oil and gas fields developed at the depths of about 2,000 meters in the Northern Caspian Sea and its shelf are directly or indirectly interconnected with the sea water thickness, violating the natural state according to several criteria. And the highest ones, vital for the whole biota complexes, exposed to all kinds of anthropogenic and man-made loads, in addition, depending on precipitation and temperature, reflect all the changes occurring in soils, underground and surface waters. The article deals with the transformation in the natural systems of the upper hydrodynamic zone from the impact of agricultural facilities and the plants associated with the processing of hydrocarbons.

natural systems, groundwater, groundwater salinity, soil salinity, irrigation drainage systems, evaporation, ground gas processing plant.

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